Lycoris

Description

What is Lycoris?

Lycoris, known by several common names such as Spider Lily, Hurricane Lily, and Cluster Amaryllis, is a striking and unique bulbous perennial. Two of the most well-known species are Lycoris aurea (with golden-yellow flowers) and Lycoris radiata (with brilliant red flowers), both of which belong to the Amaryllidaceae family and originate from China.

Lycoris has a clumping habit and is dormant during the summer months, making it low maintenance during the hottest part of the year. The beautiful blooms emerge in autumn before any foliage appears, making them a delightful surprise in the garden. Flowers are borne on tall stems, each holding 4 to 5 flowers with narrow, ruffled petals and long, whiskery stamens that give the flowers their dramatic, eye-catching appearance.

After the flowers fade, greyish-green leaves emerge, persisting through the cooler months. Lycoris thrives in a hot, sunny position during the warmer months and grows best when left undisturbed in the soil. It’s also advisable to shelter them from the wind to protect the delicate blooms.

Benefits of Growing Lycoris

Lycoris is a wonderful source of low-maintenance colour in autumn and winter, adding vibrant beauty to borders, rockeries, or shrubberies. These bulbs can even be grown in pots and containers, making them versatile for smaller spaces. Left undisturbed in the ground, Lycoris will naturalise and produce more flowers over time.

The plants also make excellent cut flowers, lasting up to 3 weeks in water, making them a lovely addition to floral arrangements.

Lycoris is not only visually striking but also offers a host of practical benefits for gardeners. Known for their low-maintenance needs and adaptability, these beautiful plants provide colour in autumn and thrive in a variety of garden settings. Whether you’re looking to naturalise a garden bed, add interest to a patio with potted plants, or simply enjoy their long-lasting blooms indoors, Lycoris has something to offer.

Here are some key benefits:

1. Low-Maintenance and Drought-Tolerant: Lycoris is extremely easy to care for once established, requiring minimal attention. Its summer dormancy aligns with the hottest time of year, reducing the need for watering, and making it perfect for dry climates.
2. Autumn Blooms: Lycoris brings a splash of colour to your garden during the cooler months, with flowers that emerge in autumn before any foliage. This makes them a delightful and unexpected focal point.
3. Naturalising: These bulbs will multiply and form clumps over time when left undisturbed, making them ideal for filling borders, rockeries, and garden beds. They spread naturally with minimal intervention, offering year-on-year growth.
4. Versatility: Whether grown in garden beds, borders, rockeries, or large pots, Lycoris adapts to a range of environments. They are especially well-suited for small spaces or patio displays when grown in containers.
5. Frost and Drought Tolerance: Once established, Lycoris is both frost-tolerant and drought-tolerant. They can withstand light frosts, making them suitable for regions with mild winters. In areas with harsher winters, mulch around the bulbs or plant them in sheltered spots to provide additional protection.
6. Perfect for Cut Flowers: The dramatic, long-lasting blooms of Lycoris make excellent cut flowers, adding texture and flair to floral arrangements. Their vase life can be up to three weeks.
7. Pest-Resistant: Lycoris is relatively resistant to pests such as snails and slugs, offering a trouble-free growing experience for gardeners.

When and in Which Climates to Plant Lycoris

Lycoris can be grown in a variety of climates, from cool to subtropical regions, including semi-arid, arid, and Mediterranean areas. These bulbs are best planted during their dormant period, typically from late spring to summer (November to February). Planting Lycoris during these months allows the bulbs to establish roots before their vibrant blooms emerge in late summer to autumn.

Please note: Lycoris often focuses on root establishment in the first year, meaning they may not bloom immediately. If planted early in the season, there is a possibility of flowering within 6 weeks to a few months, but it is not unusual for blooming to be delayed until the following year.

For Subtropical Climates

In subtropical regions with warm, humid, and often wet conditions, careful planning is essential for Lycoris to thrive. Here are two approaches:

For Potted Plants
Best Planting Time: November to February (Late Spring to Summer)
Lycoris bulbs can be planted in pots or containers during their dormant period from late spring to summer. Using well-draining soil is crucial to prevent waterlogging during the wet season. Potted plants offer better control over moisture levels, making them ideal for subtropical areas prone to heavy rain and humidity. Place the pots in a sunny location, allowing the bulbs to experience their natural dormancy over winter.

Please note: Lycoris often focuses on root establishment in the first year, meaning blooms may not appear until the following season.

For Naturalising
Best Planting Time: Late Summer
To naturalise Lycoris in garden beds and under deciduous trees, plant bulbs in late summer (January to February). Planting during this time allows them to avoid the wettest part of the rainy season, reducing the risk of bulb rot. However, it’s common for Lycoris to skip their first blooming season, as they need time to establish their roots. Flowering typically occurs in the following year once the bulbs are well-settled in the soil.

Planting amongst shrubberies can work but be mindful of the increased humidity. To successfully naturalise Lycoris in these spots:

• Ensure excellent drainage, even when planting near shrubs. Raised beds or mounded soil can help prevent waterlogging.
• Leave ample space between bulbs and shrubs to encourage airflow and reduce excess humidity.
• Apply a thin layer of mulch to regulate soil moisture, but avoid thick mulch, which can trap humidity and lead to rot.

These methods will protect the bulbs from heavy rains while ensuring they have a well-drained environment. Once established, they will bloom beautifully in the cooler autumn months, though their first-year blooms may be delayed due to the need for root development.

Upon Arrival

1. Inspect the bulbs:
   Check that your Lycoris bulbs are firm and dry. If any are damaged or soft, it’s best to discard them to avoid potential issues when planting.
2. Ideal Planting Time:
   If you’re ready to plant right away, place the bulbs in the ground or in pots as soon as possible. Lycoris are planted during their dormant period from late spring to summer (November to February), giving them time to establish in the soil before blooming in autumn.

If You Need to Wait Before Planting

If you need to delay planting, you can store the bulbs for a short period. Here’s what to do:

1. Storage Conditions:
   Keep the bulbs in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. Storing them in a paper bag or a box filled with dry material (such as peat moss or sawdust) is ideal. Avoid plastic bags, as they can trap moisture, which could cause the bulbs to rot.
2. Avoid Humid Areas:
   Subtropical climates can be quite humid, so make sure your storage area is away from moisture and excess humidity. A cool cupboard or shed works well for most gardeners.
3. Check Regularly:
   If storing for longer periods, check the bulbs occasionally to ensure they remain firm and free from mould.

If You’re Near the End of the Planting Season

If you’ve reached the end of the planting season (towards February) and haven’t yet planted your bulbs, it’s important to plant them as soon as possible. However, if the bulbs are planted towards the end and outside the recommended planting season, you can still expect foliage to grow, but the blooms may not appear until the following season.

Planting Guide for Lycoris (Aurea, Radiata)

Lycoris is a striking perennial bulb known for its exotic, spider-like flowers that bloom in autumn. Whether you’re planting in garden beds, borders, rockeries, shrubberies, or under deciduous trees, this step-by-step guide will help you achieve success. Lycoris is relatively low maintenance once established and thrives in sunny, well-drained, fertile soil with minimal watering during its dormancy.

What You’ll Need:

Before you begin, gather these essential materials:

• Lycoris bulbs (Aurea, Radiata, or others)
• Well-draining, fertile soil
• For garden beds: Loamy or sandy soil enriched with well-rotted manure or compost
• For pots: Potting mix with added perlite or sand for better drainage
• Blood and Bone: For fertilising the soil before planting and annually in spring
• Bulb fertiliser: For growth and multiplication in spring
• Mulch: Organic mulch like straw, bark, or compost to help retain moisture (see fire-prone considerations below)
• Trowel or small shovel for digging
• Watering can or garden hose for light watering after planting

Step-by-Step Planting Guide

1. Choose the Location

Full Sun to Part Shade (Depending on Climate):

Lycoris bulbs generally prefer a full sun position, which is ideal for encouraging strong growth and vibrant blooms. However, different climates can affect how much sun exposure is best for your plants. While full sun works well in cooler regions, those in warmer climates may benefit from providing some afternoon shade to prevent heat stress.

2. Prepare the Soil

• Dig the Ground:
  Once you’ve chosen the location, dig the soil over thoroughly, loosening it to a depth of about 20 cm. Mix in well-broken-down animal manure or compost a few weeks before planting. This enriches the soil and ensures good drainage.
• Add Fertiliser:
  Apply a light dressing of blood and bone to the soil just before planting to encourage strong root growth. This will help the bulbs establish quickly and promote healthy foliage and blooms.

3. Plant the Bulbs

Depth and Positioning:

• Plant the bulbs with the neck just above the soil surface. This is important to ensure proper growth and to prevent rot, especially in areas prone to heavy rainfall.
• In garden beds, borders, and rockeries, space the bulbs 15 cm apart to give them room to grow and multiply.
• In pots and containers, space the bulbs 10 cm apart for a fuller display but with enough room for them to multiply over time.
• When naturalising under shrubberies or deciduous trees, space the bulbs 15 cm apart in clusters for a natural look. The dappled shade from trees or shrubs helps maintain moderate moisture levels and protects from direct sunlight in hotter climates.

4. Watering After Planting

• Water Lightly:
  After planting, water lightly to settle the soil around the bulbs. This helps ensure good contact between the bulbs and the soil. Avoid overwatering, as Lycoris prefers dry conditions during its dormancy.

Aftercare for Lycoris

Once your Lycoris bulbs are planted, follow these steps to ensure they remain healthy throughout the year:

Watering (Ongoing Care)

• When Flower Buds Appear (Late Summer to Early Autumn): Once you see flower buds starting to grow, begin moderate, regular watering. This supports the blooming phase as the bulbs come out of dormancy. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged to support the flowers.
• During Blooming (Autumn): Continue moderate watering while the plant is in bloom. Water the soil when the top 2-3 cm feels dry, typically once or twice a week, depending on your climate. Ensure the soil stays consistently moist but not waterlogged, adjusting watering frequency if necessary to prevent excess moisture. For Lycoris radiata, flowers will appear in early autumn, followed by foliage. For Lycoris aurea, blooms appear in mid to late autumn, with foliage following.
• When Foliage Appears (Cooler Months – Late Summer to Winter):
  Foliage will begin to grow in the cooler months, often after the flowers have bloomed.
  Begin to water moderately during this foliage-growing period, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. Continue watering until the foliage begins to wilt in winter.
• After Flowering (Autumn to Winter):
  Once the blooms have faded, continue watering moderately while the foliage is still present. This is important as the foliage will photosynthesise and provide energy to the bulbs, ensuring healthy growth and vibrant blooms in future seasons. Reduce watering as the foliage begins to yellow and die back in late winter.
• During Dormancy (Spring to Early Summer): Lycoris enters dormancy in spring to early summer. During this period, minimal watering is needed, regardless of climate.
• For pots in subtropical climates, where humidity and moisture can build up, ensure that the pots have excellent drainage. Lycoris prefers drier conditions during dormancy, so it’s best to stop watering entirely. If the air is humid or the soil remains moist naturally, you should not need to water at all. Only water if the soil becomes completely dry, and even then, water very sparingly.
• For pots in semi-arid or arid climates, where moisture levels drop quickly, check the soil periodically. Water only if the soil becomes very dry, but still do so sparingly to avoid overwatering during dormancy.

Annual Fertilising

• Spring Top Dressing:
  Apply a top dressing of blood and bone or a balanced bulb fertiliser in spring to encourage healthy growth and multiplication. This will help prepare the bulbs for the next flowering season.

Pruning and Mulching

• Spent Flowers: After flowering, remove the spent blooms, but allow the foliage to remain until it naturally wilts and dies back. This ensures the bulbs store sufficient nutrients for the next season.

Mulching

• Apply Mulch:
  Refresh the mulch layer around the bulbs in spring to help retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. However, avoid placing mulch directly around the neck of the bulb. Keeping the neck clear helps prevent excess moisture from accumulating, which could lead to rot or other diseases. This is particularly important in areas with high humidity or heavy rainfall.
• For Fire-Prone Climates:
  In fire-prone regions, use non-combustible or fire-resistant mulch materials like gravel or rock instead of organic mulch. These materials provide many of the same benefits (moisture retention and weed suppression) without the risk of fire. Maintaining a defensible space with non-flammable materials is key to reducing fire hazards.

Naturalising and Division

• Leave Undisturbed: Lycoris thrives when left undisturbed. Let the bulbs naturalise in garden beds, borders, rockeries, shrubberies, or under deciduous trees, where they will multiply over time, creating a fuller display.
• Divide Sparingly: If you must divide the bulbs, do so in spring, after the foliage has fully died back, but remember that Lycoris bulbs dislike disturbance and may take a season to settle before blooming again.

Naturalising

Leave Undisturbed for Best Results:
Lycoris bulbs are excellent for naturalising in garden beds, borders, rockeries, shrubberies, or under deciduous trees. These bulbs thrive on being left undisturbed in the soil, and over time, they will multiply, creating a fuller and more vibrant display. When left to naturalise, the bulbs crowd together, promoting abundant flowering year after year.

Ideal Conditions for Naturalising:
Lycoris adapts well to various garden settings, and here are specific considerations for different environments:

• Borders and Rockeries:
  Lycoris can be naturalised beautifully in borders and rockeries. These settings provide the well-drained soil that Lycoris needs to avoid waterlogging, which is crucial for the bulbs’ health. In borders, the bulbs can create a striking visual impact, especially when mixed with other perennials that bloom earlier in the season. In rockeries, the natural drainage provided by rocky soil makes them an ideal location for Lycoris, particularly in arid or semi-arid climates where excess moisture isn’t a concern.
• Shrubberies and Under Deciduous Trees:
  When naturalising under shrubs or deciduous trees, Lycoris can benefit from the dappled shade in warmer climates, which helps protect the bulbs from intense afternoon sun. However, it’s important to be cautious of humidity in dense plantings, as excess moisture and poor air circulation can lead to bulb rot. Ensure good airflow and avoid planting in areas where water tends to accumulate.
• Dry Climates:
  In dry climates, planting Lycoris amongst shrubs or in rockeries is highly beneficial. The bulbs thrive in areas with dry spring and summer conditions, and the shade provided by shrubs can help moderate soil moisture and protect the bulbs from extreme heat. The overall dry conditions also reduce the risk of fungal issues, making Lycoris ideal for naturalising in these environments.

By allowing Lycoris to naturalise in these various garden settings, you’ll enjoy a low-maintenance and self-sustaining display that improves year after year.

Growing Lycoris in Pots: A Step-by-Step Guide

Lycoris is a stunning perennial bulb that thrives in pots with the right care. Growing Lycoris in containers gives you more control over their growing conditions, which is especially useful in warmer, wet climates or regions with frost. Follow this step-by-step guide to ensure your Lycoris bulbs flourish in pots.

What You’ll Need:

• Lycoris bulbs (Aurea, Radiata, or other varieties)
• Well-draining potting mix: A mix of potting soil with added perlite or sand for improved drainage
• Blood and bone or a balanced bulb fertiliser
• Composted or well-rotted manure (optional, to mix into the potting soil)
• Organic mulch (such as straw, bark, or compost) – optional but beneficial for retaining moisture and regulating soil temperature
• Fire-resistant mulch (such as gravel or rock) for fire-prone areas
• Watering can or hose with a gentle spray setting

Step 1: Choose the Right Pot

Pot Size and Type:

• Size Matters: Lycoris bulbs don’t like to be disturbed and prefer to form clumps over time, so choose a pot that is at least 30 cm in diameter and 30 cm deep. This size gives the bulbs plenty of space to multiply and grow for 2 to 3 years without needing repotting.
• Clumping Effect: Lycoris thrives when allowed to clump together, so the larger pot will accommodate this natural tendency while providing enough space for healthy root development.

Climate Considerations for Pot Materials:

• Cold Climates (Frost-Prone):
• In climates with frost, avoid using terracotta pots, as they are porous and can crack when they absorb moisture and freeze. Instead, opt for frost-resistant pots such as plastic, fibreglass, or glazed ceramic. These materials are less likely to absorb water and crack in cold conditions.
• Plastic pots are lightweight and retain moisture longer, which can be beneficial in colder climates where evaporation is slower.
• Warm and Wet Climates:
  • In warmer, wet climates, you can use terracotta pots, as they allow excess moisture to evaporate, which helps prevent waterlogging. However, ensure the pot has good drainage to avoid root rot.

• • Glazed ceramic pots are another good option, as they provide protection from excessive moisture while still offering a decorative touch.

• • Ensure any pot used in wet climates has sufficient drainage holes to prevent water from pooling at the bottom, as Lycoris bulbs are prone to rot if left in waterlogged conditions.

Step 2: Choose the Planting Location

Light Requirements:

• Cooler Climates: In cooler regions, full sun is ideal for Lycoris, as this encourages strong growth and vibrant blooms.
• Warmer Climates: In warmer regions, especially those with intense sun, part shade or morning sun with afternoon shade is recommended. Planting Lycoris in pots allows you to easily move them to a sheltered spot if the sun becomes too harsh during the day.

Location Considerations:

• For warm and wet climates, place your pots in a location with good air circulation to help reduce the risk of rot from humidity.
• In frost-prone areas, place pots near a sheltered area, such as a wall or under a porch, to protect them from cold winds and freezing temperatures. This also allows for easy movement indoors if a hard frost is expected.

Step 3: Prepare the Potting Mix

Soil Requirements:

• Lycoris bulbs require well-draining soil to avoid rot, so choose a well-draining potting mix. You can improve drainage by adding perlite or sand to the potting mix.
• For extra nutrients, mix in composted manure or well-rotted manure. This provides the bulbs with a nutrient boost, ensuring healthy growth, but make sure the manure is well-rotted to avoid burning the bulbs.

Step 4: Planting the Bulbs

Depth and Spacing:

• Plant the bulbs with the neck just above the soil surface. This helps prevent rot and ensures good air circulation around the bulbs.
• Spacing: In larger pots, you can plant bulbs 10 cm apart. This allows them to form natural clumps while still having enough room to multiply. You can fit multiple bulbs in one large container for a full, lush display.

Immediate Watering:

• After planting, water the bulbs lightly to settle the soil around them, but avoid overwatering, especially during dormancy, as Lycoris prefers drier conditions during this phase.

Step 5: Watering and Ongoing Care

Watering:

After Planting: Water lightly after planting to settle the soil, but do not water consistently during the dormant period. Lycoris prefers drier conditions while it is not actively growing.

When Flower Buds Appear (Late Summer to Early Autumn): Once you see flower buds starting to grow, begin moderate, regular watering. This supports the blooming phase as the bulbs come out of dormancy. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged to support the flowers.

During Blooming (Autumn): Continue moderate watering while the plant is in bloom. Water the soil when the top 2-3 cm feels dry, typically once or twice a week, depending on your climate. Ensure the soil stays consistently moist but not waterlogged.

When Foliage Appears (Cooler Months – Autumn to Winter): As the cooler months arrive and foliage starts to grow (often after flowering), continue moderate watering. Keep the soil moist throughout the foliage-growing period until it begins to yellow and die back in late winter.

Climate Considerations for Watering:

• Cool Temperate Climates: Natural rainfall in autumn and winter often provides sufficient moisture, but you should monitor and adjust as needed during dry spells.
• Mediterranean Climates: You may need to supplement with moderate watering in early autumn, but as rainfall typically increases later in the season, you can gradually rely more on natural rainfall during the foliage-growing period.
• Drier Climates (Semi-Arid, Arid, Subtropical): In these regions, where winters tend to be dry, regular watering throughout autumn and winter is necessary, as natural rainfall is often insufficient.
• In wet, humid climates, ensure pots are positioned in an area where they will receive good air circulation and avoid areas where water may pool. Potted Lycoris allows for better moisture control in regions prone to heavy rainfall.

During Dormancy (Spring to Early Summer): Lycoris enters dormancy in spring to early summer. During this period, minimal watering is needed, regardless of climate.

• For pots in subtropical climates, where humidity and moisture can build up, ensure that the pots have excellent drainage. Lycoris prefers drier conditions during dormancy, so it’s best to stop watering entirely. If the air is humid or the soil remains moist naturally, you should not need to water at all. Only water if the soil becomes completely dry, and even then, water very sparingly.
• For pots in semi-arid or arid climates, where moisture levels drop quickly, check the soil periodically. Water only if the soil becomes very dry, but still do so sparingly to avoid overwatering during dormancy.

Step 6: Fertilising

• Spring Top Dressing: In spring, apply a top dressing of blood and bone or a balanced bulb fertiliser. This helps boost growth as the bulbs prepare for their blooming season. It’s particularly important for potted plants, as the nutrients in potting soil can deplete over time.

Step 7: Mulching

• Apply a thin layer of organic mulch (straw, bark, or compost) to the top of the soil. Mulching helps retain moisture and regulate soil temperature, especially in warmer climates. However, avoid placing mulch directly around the neck of the bulb to prevent moisture buildup, which could lead to rot.
• In fire-prone climates, consider using non-combustible mulch like gravel or rock to reduce fire risk around your pots.

Step 8: Pruning and Cutting Spent Flowers

• Cutting Spent Flowers: Remove spent flowers throughout the blooming season to keep the plant looking tidy. While cutting spent flowers doesn’t typically encourage more blooms in Lycoris, it can help direct energy back into the bulbs for next year’s growth and prevent seed formation.
• Allow the foliage to remain after flowering, as it continues to photosynthesise and feed the bulbs. Only cut back the foliage after it naturally wilts and dies back in late winter.

Step 9: Frost Protection

• Lycoris is relatively frost-tolerant, but certain varieties (such as Lycoris aurea) are more frost-sensitive than others. In areas prone to frost, move the pots to a sheltered spot (such as a porch or greenhouse) during cold snaps to prevent leaf damage.
• If severe frost is expected, cover the pots with frost cloth or bring them indoors. Leaves may suffer in frost, but the bulbs will typically recover if they are not exposed to prolonged freezing conditions.

Conclusion

Growing Lycoris in pots offers flexibility and control over their growing conditions, particularly in climates with heavy rainfall or frost. Choose a large pot to allow the bulbs to multiply without disturbance, and follow the steps for watering, fertilising, and mulching to ensure healthy growth. With proper care, your Lycoris will produce stunning autumn blooms year after year.

Repotting Lycoris Bulbs in Pots

1. Choose the Right Pot Size
   • Lycoris bulbs prefer not to be disturbed and moving them can delay blooming for 1 to 2 years as they settle into their new environment. To avoid frequent repotting, it’s best to plant them in a pot that is at least 30 cm in diameter and 30 cm deep. This larger size will give the bulbs plenty of room to grow and multiply for 2 to 3 years without needing to be disturbed.
   • By using a larger pot, you reduce the need for frequent division and ensure the bulbs remain undisturbed, allowing them to bloom consistently year after year.

1. Refresh the Soil
   • When repotting Lycoris bulbs in the same pot, it’s important to replace the old potting mix with fresh, well-draining soil. Over time, the nutrients in the soil deplete, and the structure can break down, leading to poor drainage.
   • Use a well-draining potting mix enriched with organic matter such as compost or add perlite or sand to improve drainage. This ensures the bulbs receive the nutrients they need while preventing waterlogging, which can cause rot.

1. How Often to Change the Pot or Soil
   • Every 2 to 3 years, refresh the soil and repot Lycoris bulbs. This maintains a healthy growing environment by replenishing nutrients and preventing the buildup of salts and other residues in the soil.
   • If you do need to disturb the bulbs, be aware that it may take 1 to 2 years for them to bloom again, as Lycoris bulbs typically need time to re-establish after being moved or divided.

1. Longevity in Pots
   • Lycoris bulbs can last for many years in pots, provided they receive proper care. With a larger pot and regular maintenance, they can stay in the same pot for 2 to 3 years without needing to be repotted. After that, you may notice the bulbs becoming overcrowded or the soil losing its effectiveness, indicating it’s time to refresh the soil or repot into a larger container.

Signs It’s Time to Refresh the Soil or Repot

• Reduced flowering: A decrease in blooming is often a sign that the bulbs are overcrowded, or the soil has become depleted.
• Overcrowded bulbs: If the bulbs are pushing against the edges of the pot or becoming too crowded, it’s time to divide or repot them.
• Compacted soil: If the soil no longer drains well or has become compacted, refreshing the potting mix will improve conditions for the bulbs.

Conclusion

Because Lycoris bulbs dislike being disturbed and may take 1 to 2 years to bloom again after repotting, it’s best to plant them in larger pots (at least 30 cm in diameter and 30 cm deep) to allow them to grow and multiply without needing frequent division. This ensures consistent blooms and minimises stress on the bulbs.

Naturalising

Leave Undisturbed for Best Results:
Lycoris bulbs are excellent for naturalising in garden beds, borders, rockeries, shrubberies, or under deciduous trees. These bulbs thrive on being left undisturbed in the soil, and over time, they will multiply, creating a fuller and more vibrant display. When left to naturalise, the bulbs crowd together, promoting abundant flowering year after year.

Ideal Conditions for Naturalising: Lycoris adapts well to various garden settings, and here are specific considerations for different environments:

• Borders and Rockeries:
  Lycoris can be naturalised beautifully in borders and rockeries. These settings provide the well-drained soil that Lycoris needs to avoid waterlogging, which is crucial for the bulbs’ health. In borders, the bulbs can create a striking visual impact, especially when mixed with other perennials that bloom earlier in the season. In rockeries, the natural drainage provided by rocky soil makes them an ideal location for Lycoris, particularly in arid or semi-arid climates where excess moisture isn’t a concern.
• Shrubberies and Under Deciduous Trees:
  When naturalising under shrubs or deciduous trees, Lycoris can benefit from the dappled shade in warmer climates, which helps protect the bulbs from intense afternoon sun. However, it’s important to be cautious of humidity in dense plantings, as excess moisture and poor air circulation can lead to bulb rot. Ensure good airflow and avoid planting in areas where water tends to accumulate.
• Dry Climates:
  In dry climates, planting Lycoris amongst shrubs or in rockeries is highly beneficial. The bulbs thrive in areas with dry spring and summer conditions, and the shade provided by shrubs can help moderate soil moisture and protect the bulbs from extreme heat. The overall dry conditions also reduce the risk of fungal issues, making Lycoris ideal for naturalising in these environments.

By allowing Lycoris to naturalise in these various garden settings, you’ll enjoy a low-maintenance and self-sustaining display that improves year after year.

Division (Step-by-Step Guide)

While Lycoris bulbs prefer to be left undisturbed for many years, division may be necessary if you notice overcrowding or reduced blooming. Here’s a simple, step-by-step guide to dividing your Lycoris bulbs:

Step 1: Choose the Right Time

• The best time to divide Lycoris bulbs is in spring, after the foliage has fully died back. This ensures the bulbs have stored enough nutrients for the next season and are ready for handling without stress.
• Avoid dividing the bulbs while they are actively growing or flowering, as this can disrupt their cycle and delay blooming.

Step 2: Prepare the Area

• Select the area where you plan to replant your divided bulbs. Make sure the soil is well-drained, fertile, and free of weeds. You can enrich the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to give the bulbs a nutrient boost before replanting. Since divided bulbs are already established, they can be replanted directly into soil enriched with this manure without waiting for it to settle.
• Ensure the new location has adequate sun exposure for your climate—full sun in cooler regions or part shade in warmer climates.

Step 3: Lift the Bulbs Carefully

• Using a garden fork or trowel, gently loosen the soil around the bulbs, taking care not to damage the roots. Work the tool around the clump of bulbs at a slight distance to avoid accidentally piercing or cutting the bulbs.
• Carefully lift the bulbs from the ground by loosening the soil below them. You may need to gently shake off excess soil to clearly see the clump of bulbs.

Step 4: Separate the Bulbs

• Once the bulbs are lifted, gently separate the bulbs by hand. If the bulbs are tightly clumped together, you may need to twist them apart gently, ensuring that each bulb has its own healthy roots attached.
• Inspect the bulbs as you separate them. Discard any that are soft, rotten, or damaged, keeping only the healthy, firm bulbs for replanting.

Step 5: Replant the Bulbs

• Replant the divided bulbs as soon as possible in the new location or the same spot if you’re simply dividing to reduce overcrowding.
  • Depth: Plant the bulbs with the neck just above the soil surface to allow proper air circulation and avoid rot.
  • Spacing: Space the bulbs 15 cm apart in garden beds, borders, or rockeries, and 10 cm apart in pots or containers. This gives the bulbs room to grow and multiply over time.
• Lightly water the area after planting to settle the soil around the bulbs, but do not overwater.

 

Step 6: Care After Division

• Once replanted, the bulbs will need time to establish in their new spot. Don’t worry if they don’t bloom in the first season after division; this is common, and the bulbs will typically bloom the following year once they have settled.
• Water moderately once the foliage appears and provide a top dressing of blood and bone or a balanced bulb fertiliser in spring to encourage growth.
• Ensure that the soil remains well-drained and avoid overwatering, as divided bulbs are more susceptible to rot during this adjustment period.

Conclusion

Dividing Lycoris bulbs is a straightforward process, but timing and careful handling are key. By following these simple steps, you can ensure that your divided bulbs will settle into their new location and thrive in the coming seasons. Be patient, and your efforts will result in a fuller, healthier display of blooms for years to come.

Companion Planting for Lycoris

Lycoris is a versatile plant that can happily be planted alongside other perennials, making it a fantastic addition to gardens that bloom across multiple seasons. Known for its striking blooms in autumn, Lycoris grows in between traditional blooming periods, complementing the flowering cycles of other plants. It thrives when planted amongst perennials that also prefer not to be disturbed and can remain in the ground for several years, ensuring a harmonious, low-maintenance garden.

Since Lycoris prefers well-drained soil and minimal disturbance, it pairs best with plants that share similar soil and care requirements. Plants that thrive in partial shade or tolerate dry conditions during Lycoris’ summer dormancy are ideal companions, and with proper management, even plants that require some watering, such as Daylilies, can work well.

Here are some ideal companion plants, including options available from your store:

1. Deciduous Trees and Shrubs

• Best for Naturalising: Lycoris grows well under deciduous trees, where it benefits from the dappled sunlight during its active growing season and the natural leaf fall that provides a light mulch. These trees allow for bright light in the cooler months when Lycoris is actively growing.
• Examples: Oak, Maple, Dogwood

2. Perennials with Complementary Growth Cycles

• Pair Lycoris with perennials that also don’t like to be disturbed and can stay in the ground for years. This ensures minimal disruption to both plants, allowing them to grow harmoniously. We offer several plants that pair beautifully with Lycoris.
• Examples we sell:
  • Daffodils (Narcissus): A perfect spring-flowering companion for Lycoris, creating year-round interest.
  • Daylilies (Hemerocallis): Summer-flowering and drought-tolerant perennials. Though they require some watering during flowering, use targeted watering to avoid overwatering the dormant Lycoris bulbs.
  • Bearded Irises (Iris germanica): Spring bloomers that thrive in well-drained soil and provide a lovely contrast to Lycoris’ autumn display.
  • Dutch Irises (Iris x hollandica): Known for their vibrant spring blooms, these Irises also thrive in well-drained soil and add bright colours to complement Lycoris.
  • Liriope: An excellent choice for warmer climates, Liriope can handle shade and drier conditions.
  • Agapanthus: Known for its showy summer blooms, Agapanthus is another excellent companion for Lycoris, particularly in warmer regions.

3. Ground Covers for Moisture Retention

• Ground covers can help retain moisture in the soil without competing heavily with the bulbs. Choose varieties that suit your climate and allow the Lycoris bulbs to thrive undisturbed. Opt for those that can handle well-drained soil.
• Examples: Creeping Thyme, Ajuga, Sedum

4. Tall Perennials and Ornamental Grasses

• These can provide structural support and protection for Lycoris while creating an attractive contrast with their delicate blooms. Ornamental grasses can also help with airflow around the bulbs, preventing excessive moisture buildup.
• Examples for Temperate Climates: Echinacea, Rudbeckia, Miscanthus

5. Evergreen Companions

• To maintain interest during the winter months when Lycoris foliage dies back, plant it alongside evergreen perennials that offer year-round greenery and texture without overshadowing the Lycoris during its active growth phase.
• Examples for Shaded Areas: Hellebores, Ferns, Boxwood (Buxus)

6. Mediterranean Herbs for Well-Drained Soil

• In Mediterranean climates, herbs like rosemary and lavender pair well with Lycoris, as they both thrive in similar well-drained soils. These plants also offer contrast with their silvery or fragrant foliage, complementing the bright blooms of Lycoris.
• Examples: Lavender, Rosemary, Thyme

Companion Planting in Pots

For gardeners growing Lycoris in pots, select compact companion plants that share its need for well-draining soil. Herbs like sage or oregano are ideal for pots, as they remain small and won’t overcrowd the Lycoris bulbs. Low-growing succulents like Sedum or Sempervivum can also be planted in the same pot for added texture and contrast.

Lycoris pairs beautifully with a wide variety of plants, especially those that can stay in the ground for several years. By choosing companion plants that share its preferences for minimal disturbance and complementary growth cycles, you’ll ensure a stunning and thriving garden throughout the year. Consider pairing Lycoris with plants we offer, such as Daffodils, Daylilies, Bearded Irises, Dutch Irises, Liriope, and Agapanthus, to create a beautiful, low-maintenance garden.

Pests and Diseases Affecting Lycoris

Lycoris is generally a resilient plant that doesn’t suffer from many serious pest or disease problems. However, like all garden plants, it can occasionally face challenges, especially in certain climates. Here’s a guide to the most common pests and diseases that may affect Lycoris, along with prevention and treatment tips:

Common Pests

1. Slugs and Snails

• Symptoms: Ragged holes in foliage or damage to emerging shoots. Slugs and snails tend to feed on young growth, especially in damp conditions.
• Prevention: Regularly check the plants, especially in the evening or early morning when slugs and snails are most active. Keeping the area around the plants clear of debris and fallen leaves can reduce hiding spots.
• Control: Use slug and snail traps, handpick them from the plants, or apply organic slug pellets. For natural deterrents, crushed eggshells or coffee grounds sprinkled around the plants can act as barriers.

1. Aphids

• Symptoms: Sticky residue on leaves (honeydew), distorted or curling foliage, or clusters of small green, black, or white insects on stems and leaves.
• Prevention: Encourage natural predators like ladybirds or use a regular blast of water to knock the aphids off plants.
• Control: If aphids become a problem, spray plants with insecticidal soap or a homemade solution of water and dish soap. Neem oil can also be effective.

1. Bulb Mites

• Symptoms: Poor growth, yellowing leaves, or failure to bloom. Bulb mites are tiny pests that attack the bulbs, causing rot or decay.
• Prevention: Avoid planting in waterlogged soil and ensure the bulbs are healthy before planting.
• Control: If bulb mites are detected, you may need to discard affected bulbs to prevent the mites from spreading. Treat unaffected bulbs with a fungicide before replanting.

Common Diseases

1. Botrytis (Grey Mould)

• Symptoms: Brown or grey spots on flowers, wilting, and fuzzy grey mould on stems, leaves, or flowers, especially in wet or humid conditions.
• Prevention: Avoid overcrowding the plants, ensuring good airflow. Water plants at the base rather than overhead to keep moisture off the leaves and flowers.
• Control: Remove affected plant material promptly and dispose of it. Apply a fungicide if necessary and ensure proper spacing between plants to improve airflow.

1. Bulb Rot

• Symptoms: Soft, mushy bulbs that fail to sprout or cause plants to collapse. Rot is often caused by poor drainage or excessive moisture.
• Prevention: Plant Lycoris in well-drained soil and avoid overwatering, particularly during its dormant period. Ensure the bulbs are firm and healthy before planting.
• Control: Remove and discard any rotted bulbs. Improve drainage in the planting area, and consider planting in raised beds or pots if the garden soil retains too much moisture.

1. Powdery Mildew

• Symptoms: White or grey powdery spots on leaves and stems, leading to leaf distortion or yellowing.
• Prevention: Ensure proper spacing and good airflow between plants. Avoid watering the foliage and focus on watering the soil.
• Control: Remove affected leaves and apply a sulfur-based fungicide. A homemade solution of baking soda and water can also help to control mild cases.

General Prevention Tips

• Good Air Circulation: Ensure your plants are spaced appropriately to allow for good airflow, reducing the risk of fungal diseases.
• Proper Watering Practices: Avoid overhead watering and keep the soil well-drained, especially during Lycoris’ dormancy period.
• Keep the Area Clean: Clear away any fallen leaves or debris that can harbour pests or fungi. Mulching properly (not too thick) can help regulate moisture and prevent fungal issues.
• Inspect Bulbs Before Planting: Always plant firm, healthy bulbs, and avoid any that show signs of softness or decay.

Safety Note: Be Mindful of Lycoris in the Garden

While Lycoris is a beautiful and low-maintenance plant, it’s worth noting that, like many members of the Amaryllis family, it may contain compounds that could be harmful if ingested by humans or pets. It’s always a good idea to take precautions, particularly if you have small children or pets.

Precautionary Tips:

• Wear Gloves: When handling Lycoris bulbs, it’s advisable to wear gloves if you have sensitive skin.
• Keep Away from Children and Pets: To be cautious, plant Lycoris in areas less accessible to pets or small children, particularly those that like to dig or chew on plants.
• Seek Advice if Ingested: If any part of the plant is accidentally ingested, it’s recommended to seek medical advice for humans or contact a veterinarian for pets.

While Lycoris makes a stunning and easy-to-care-for addition to your garden, keeping these precautionary steps in mind will help ensure a safe environment for all.

Supplied as dormant bulbs.